A TO Z Literary Principles from History of English Literature: Note 72


A Set of 26 Objective Questions & Answers
UGC NET ENGLISH QUESTION BANK

1.  Which among the following statement is not logically bound by fact?

(I) Malory's Le morte d'Arthur was printed by William Caxton, as he was a friend of him.

(II) The growth of the middle class in the early 16th century, the continuing development of trade, the new character and thoroughness of education for laypeople and not only clergy, the centralization of power and of much intellectual life in the court of the Tudor and Stuart monarchs, and the widening horizons of exploration gave a fundamental new impetus and direction to literature.

General Understanding of Shakespeare's Women: Rosalind, Portia, Beatrice and Viola


There is Sanskrit adage to the effect that the character of women is unknown even to the gods, not to speak of mortal men. Read More about Drama   It is not so much to place the subject beyond the omniscience of the supreme god-head but to street the infinite complexities of feminist. The great creator, the one great god who created the gods as well as the female certainly knows all the intricacies of his created universe-and so does Shakespeare, the great manipulator of his puppet dramatic universe whether the living, throbbing dolls are male or female. Shakespeare, the marker, makes his women live according to the lights they receive from the magic lamp of their great creator.

The women in Shakespeare’s plays are vivid creations, each differing from the others. It is important to remember that in Shakespeare’s time boy actors played the female parts. Actresses did not appear in a 
Shakespearean  play until after the restoration of Charles II to the English throne in 1660 and the introduction of French practices such as women actors.Read More about William Shakespeare  It says much about the talent of the boy actors of his own day that Shakespeare could create such a rich array of fascinating women characters. Shakespeare was fond of portraying aggressive, witty heroines, such as Kate of The Taming of the Shrew, Rosaline of Love’s Labour’s Lost, and Beatrice of Much Ado About Nothing. However, he was equally adept at creating gentle and innocent women, such as Ophelia in Hamlet, Desdemona in Othello, and Cordelia in King Lear. His female characters also include the treacherous Goneril and Regan in King Lear, the iron-willed Lady Macbeth, the witty and resourceful Portia in Merchant of Venice, the tender and loyal Juliet, and the alluring Cleopatra.

Characters of women appearing in Shakespeare's plays from his earliest period show a marked difference from the approach of Marlowe, in some way his master, and to whom women were no more than dreams or trophies. Critics have sometimes made too much of the individual differences, particularly among his comic heroines. They seem, however, as remarkable for their differences as for their similarities, whether they are Rosalind, Portia, Beatrice, or Viola. The hesitant Silvia in  The Two Gentlemen of Verona  is a prelude to shy Portia in  The Merchant of Venice.  The scene in the former play where Julia catalogs her lovers suggests a faint sketch of the dialogue between Portia and Nerissa in the latter. Thomas Pope, the Shakespeare Producer, remarked that every single character in Shakespeare had its own individuality, as in life itself, so much so that it was possible to identify the speaker with his or her speeches even if the names of characters were not there. Despite the essential truth it contains, it appears to be an overstatement. Men are men and women are women. The latter cannot talk like the former. There is something general about Shakespeare's women, who were also drawn from life. Most of them are very practical and clear-sighted women, intolerant from their conclusions, and they are not lovers of decorative imagination. Lucetta advises her mistress, Julia, not to "dream on infamy" in The Two Gentlemen of Verona.  The long-winded steward in  All's Well That Ends Well is cut through at a blow by the countess, who asks, "What does this knave here?" Quickness of apprehension is almost a common quality with Shakespeare's women. In the final period, Hermione, like Volumnia, thinks it unbefitting "to prate and talk for life and honor." Imogen answers the persecuting Cloten by reminding him apologetically that a lady's manners demand lesser verbiage. Coriolanus addresses "virile silence." Rosalind, Portia, Viola, despite their sparkling wits and eloquence, are basically frank and simple creatures, not falling prey to their own verbiage.

 In point of practicality, Shakespeare ’s men do not stand any chance with his women. The men in Shakespeare’s are generally thinking and imaginative lot with their imagination sometimes having a distinct disabling effect on them. Self-delusion in Shakespeare  is more or less a masculine fealty and the whole debate is clearly summed up in the difference of attitudes between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The lady knows too well the so-called scruples and dilatoriness in action. Once she deep into the details and he suffers a hell till he acts in a frenzy to merge into ultimate oblivion. 

Shakespeare’s women are either good or dad and they generally do not raise any fundamental questions. the middle ground of complexity and intricacy is reserved for the male characters. The women are intuitive in nature acting on instinct. They are never eager to find a rationale of their actions. This only shows the depth and breadth of Shakespeare’s knowledge of women. Celia in as you like it is soft and tender and yet practical. She is very lightly drawn and yet when she cries out like a child in the forest at the sight of a blood-soaked handkerchief, a quality of innocence and simplicity is revealed in a few touches convincing us of the dramatist’s sure knowledge of the feminine heart. Read More about Drama     Shakespeare is no theorist propounding general laws of drama and his women also are not just wit and courage. Their courage also fails and even a lady Macbeth dared not murder a Duncan because the king very much looked like her father. The child-like affections are not dead in the bosom of even that imperious lady. That Shakespeare is not always creating types is most abundantly shown in the creation of his Cleopatra. Shakespeare even departs from his source, Plutarch, to endow his Cleopatra with a peculiar individuality, all her own-after all she is Shakespeare’s “unparalleled lass”. 

Read More about William Shakespeare  There are some distant relations of hers in Shakespeare’s portrait gallery. There is Cressida, “weaker, lighter, and more wavering than the tragic queen.” There is a faint echo in doll timesheet (Henry IV) belonging to a low world and asking Jack Falstaff to be friendly with her before he goes never forgetful of the life of the individual he portrays. Shakespeare  finally liberates himself from the tyranny of type when he creates his Ophelia, Desdemona and Cordelia.  His art works now wonderfully and with less verbiage. None of them are types and each of them is an offspring of the overpowering situation. Ophelia is a deserted maiden; Desdemona is a loyal wife; Cordelia is an affectionate daughter who ultimately protects her father.

Lets Read in Summery


Rosalind: Rosalind is a witty and intelligent character from Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It. She disguises herself as a man and explores gender roles and love. Her vivacious nature, quick wit, and ability to manipulate situations make her a compelling and influential character.

Portia: Portia is a strong and resourceful heroine in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice. She disguises herself as a male lawyer to save Antonio's life. Portia's intelligence, beauty, and determination are highlighted as she cleverly outwits her adversaries and demonstrates compassion and mercy.

Beatrice: Beatrice is a sharp-tongued and independent character in Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado About Nothing. Known for her wit and banter with Benedick, Beatrice challenges traditional gender roles. She embodies a strong-willed woman who is not afraid to speak her mind and assert her independence, making her a memorable and empowering figure.

Viola: Viola is the protagonist of Shakespeare's comedy Twelfth Night. After being shipwrecked, she disguises herself as a man named Cesario. Viola's resilience, intelligence, and quick thinking drive the plot forward as she navigates a complicated web of mistaken identities and romantic entanglements, showcasing her strength and adaptability.

Ardhendu De  

Ref:
1.SALINGAR, L. G. (1966, January). Time and Art in Shakespeare’s Romances. Renaissance Drama, 9, 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1086/rd.9.41916992
2.Shakespearean tragedy : lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth : Bradley, A. C. (Andrew Cecil), 1851-1935 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/shakespeareantra1905brad

Platonism in Edmund Spenser’s Works: A Fashion of Renaissance Days


Platonism, the Fashion of the Renaissance Days


Platonism was the fashion of the Renaissance days. Spenser has caught the fashion along with others of the time. He certainly knew some of the Plato’s works at first hand and used them. Edmund Spenser, one of the most prominent poets of the English Renaissance, incorporated elements of Platonism in his works. Technical words of platonic philosophy frequently occur in his works, and the thought of the Greek philosopher, consciously, or unconsciously, moulds his own thoughts. Greek philosopher Plato founds the Academy in Athens. Read More about Elizabethan Literature  Plato, a student of Socrates, greatly influences Western philosophy; he believes that the ideal is more real than anything material. He is the author of the Republic, a dramatic dialogue on the nature of justice. Read More about Criticism  

Italian philosopher and theologian Marsilio Ficino translates the works of Plato into Latin, a language more commonly understood by Europeans. By doing so, he contributes to the rise of Renaissance humanism and the revival of Platonism. Read More about Criticism  

Edmund Spenser
Platonic temperament, the yearning mood, the vague desire for the faraway, or the half imagined beauty, attracted Spenser, as it attracted Spenser, as it attracted many of his contemporaries, Plato’s exaltation of beauty as something divine, as an object of worship and his spiritualization of love, all colour Spenser’s treatment of Love and Beauty.

Plato in Spenser’s Thought


Plato contributed largely to Spenser’s thought. The Greek philosopher taught him that beautiful is the god: love is the emotion that draws us to the immortal, possesses the beautiful, i e. the god. The highest happiness that the Good aims at is to be like God in whom is perfect goodness. The application of this doctrine can easily be traced in the first book of "The Fairy Queen". Una is this beauty and goodness: the Red Cross knight is this love. Read More about Elizabethan Literature  Love seeks to unite himself to beauty and goodness and suffered as long as he is separated from the object of love. The betrothed of the knight to Una is the beginning of happiness, but it fails to reach presence of the perfect good, which is god himself. The cardinal principle of Plato’s teaching is the identification of truth, beauty and goodness, or as Keats states it, “beauty is truth and truth beauty”. It is this very platonic doctrine that Spenser states in the following words;
“For all that fair is, by nature good;
For all that is good, is beautiful and fair.’

Lady Una is beautiful, so she is good and truthful as well. Physical beauty is but the external raiment or vesture of a beautiful soul; there is no real difference between the earthly beauty and the heavenly, between the spiritual and the physical. Beauty may be weak physically, but it is strong spiritually. That is why the very sight of lady Una-the embodiment of beauty, truth and goodness-overpowers the brute force and violence represented by the lion, and the poet moralizes: Read More about Criticism  
“Oh how can beauty master the most strong
And simple truths subdue avenging wrong.”

It was also from Plato that Spenser learned that death is simply a mutation. Only physical from dies, the soul, which is the substance, the reality, does not die. It is immortal; it returns to the immortal soul, the god, which is the only reality at the back of all that is fleeting and temporary. It is on this note that the fairy queen closes:
“What wrong then is it, if that when they die,
They turn to that, whereof they first were made?
All in the power   of their greater maker lie,
All creatures must obey the voice of the most high.”

Here is a concise analysis of the influence of Platonism in Spenser's writings:

👉Ideal Forms: Platonism posits the existence of ideal forms or perfect concepts that shape the physical world. Spenser's works often depict idealized characters and realms that represent his understanding of the Platonic concept of Forms.
👉Beauty and Love: Plato emphasized the transcendent nature of beauty and the pursuit of ideal love. Spenser's poetry frequently explores themes of beauty, desire, and the quest for spiritual love, drawing inspiration from Platonic notions of beauty and the soul's yearning for the divine.
👉Allegorical Vision: Plato's allegory of the cave suggests that the physical world is a mere shadow of a higher reality. Spenser's epic poem, "The Faerie Queene," employs allegory to represent moral virtues and vices, reflecting Plato's idea of transcending the material realm to reach a higher truth.
👉Divine Inspiration: Plato believed that poets and artists were divinely inspired. Spenser, influenced by this idea, presents himself as a visionary poet in his works, channeling higher truths and ideals through his poetry.
👉Contemplation of the Divine: Platonic philosophy promotes the contemplation of the divine and the search for spiritual enlightenment. Spenser's religious and philosophical explorations in his poetry align with this Platonic notion, as he delves into the nature of God and the human soul.

Now let’s look at the revival of Platonism in History:

  • Plato’s influence throughout the history of Western philosophy has been monumental. When he died, Speusippus became head of the Academy.
  •  The school continued in existence until ad 529.
  • Plato’s impact on Jewish thought is apparent in the work of the 1st-century Alexandrian philosopher Philo Judaeus. Neoplatonism, founded by the 3rd-century philosopher Plotinus, was an important later development of Platonism.
  • The theologians Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Saint Augustine were early Christian exponents of a Platonic perspective.
  •  Platonic ideas have had a crucial role in the development of Christian theology and also in medieval Islamic thought. Read More about Elizabethan Literature  
  • The humanists of the Italian Renaissance, in their reaction against the previously dominant rationalistic philosophy of Aristotle, turned to the idealistic metaphysics of Plato, and thence to Neoplatonism.
  •  Notable in this connection was the Italian scholar Marsilio Ficino, who, under the patronage of the wealthy nobleman Cosimo de' Medici, translated and annotated the works of Plotinus, Porphyry, and Iamblichus.
  • The Platonic Academy in Florence or The academy, whose leading thinker was Marsilio Ficino, was founded by the 15th-century Florentine statesman and patron of the arts Cosimo de' Medici. Read More about Criticism  
  •  The institution sought to revive Platonism and had particular influence on the literature, painting, and architecture of the times.
  •  In England, the 17th-century Cambridge Platonists exhibited marked affinities with Neoplatonic philosophers. A number of 19th- and 20th-century thinkers and writers have been influenced by Neoplatonism; among them were several of the most important British romantic poets, including William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe Shelley.

Ref: Wikipedia, Encarta, Spring in Theology Thoughts (p.124-156) - Dr. Susana Padridge

A TO Z Literary Principles from History of English Literature: Note 71


A Set of 26 Objective Questions & Answers
UGC NET ENGLISH QUESTION BANK

1. Match the following:

Drama
Theme
I. Absurd Person Singular (1973)
Read More about UGC NET   

a. gender and economics
II. Serious Money (1987)
b. a bleak future of barbarism
III. Far Away (2000)
c. the downfall of playwright Oscar Wilde Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)
IV. The Judas Kiss (1998)
d. farcical dramas about middle-class anxieties

     (I) (II) (III) (IV)

(A) (d) (b) (c) (a)
(B) (d) (a) (b) (c)
(C) (b) (c) (d) (a)
(D) (c) (a) (b) (d)

2 . Which of these authors is not a writer of African American slave narratives?

(A) Solomon Northrop
(B) Frederick Douglass
(C) Phillis Wheatley
(D) Sojourner Truth Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)

3 . “For nature then

The courser pleasures of my boyish days,
And their glad animal movements all gone by
To me was all in all”.
In these lines from “Tintern Abbey Revisited”, Wordsworth is talking about:

(A)Read More about UGC NET The second stage in his relationship with Nature.
(B) The first stage in his relationship with Nature.
(C) Both the first and second stages in his relationship with Nature.
(D) The third stage in his relationship with Nature.

4. What is true for   the dramatists John Osborne, Arnold Wesker, Shelagh Delaney, and John Arden?

A. protested injustice in the lives of the poor people
B. portraying the mediocrity
C. portraying the drabness
D. focused their attention on the working classes

(I) Only A and B is True
 (II) Only A and C is True
(III) Only C and D is True Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)
(IV)  All the statements are True 

5. Assertion (A) : One of Flaubert’s main motivations in writing the novel Madam Bovary was his antipathy for the bourgeoisie.

Reason (R) : Flaubert strongly believed that bourgeoisie are those who think, feel and act in terms of utilitarianism and who reject the humanity and uniqueness of the individual

person. Read More about UGC NET   


(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanation of(A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true.

6. “A Tun of Man in thy large Bulk is writ, But sure thou’rt but a Kilderkin of wit”

In the above lines what does Dryden mean by ‘Kilderkin’ ?

(A) A trivial instance
(B) A small barrel of wine Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)
(C) kith and kin
(D) A small amount, as contrasted with ‘tun’

7. What is not properly matching about Samuel Beckett?

A. He was outside the literary mainstream
B. He was the Irish-born novelist-dramatist
C.   recipient in 1969 of the Nobel Prize in literature
D.  Long a resident in Germany

8. Which of the following statements is not true of Kazuo Ishiguro’s Remains of the Day? The novel

(A) Uses a butler as a pivotal character.
(B) Uses the classic English detective story form.
(C) Refers to England in the 1930s.
(D) Became a very successful film.

9. Match the following modern poets along with their characteristic features: 



modern poets
characteristic features
(I) Craig Raine
(a) witty insights
(II) Wendy Cope
(b) covers love, war, and the political violence 
(III) James Fenton  Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)
(c) Simple in its language and flow, its structure and references   complex
(IV) Seamus Heaney
(d) fresh viewpoint on variety of  topics

     (I) (II) (III) (IV) 

(A) (b) (d) (c) (a) 
(B) (d) (a) (b) (c) 
(C) (b) (c) (d) (a) 
(D) (c) (d) (b) (a) 

10. “From a Second Space perspective city space becomes more of a mental and ideational field, conceptualized in imagery, reflexive thought and symbolic representation, a conceived space of the imagination or what I will henceforth describe as the urban imagery.”(Edward Soja, Postmetropolis) Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)

Which of the following statements cannot be applied to Soja’s proposition on the Second Space?

(A) Second Space perspective tends to be more subjective.
(B) Second Space perspective is concerned with symbolic representation of reality.
(C) Second Space perspective is concerned with the fundamentally materialist approach.
(D) Second Space perspective deals with ‘thoughts about space’.

11. About whom the following statement goes true: “Although they wrote plays set in a working-class environment, they stand apart from the angry young men. Particularly the former seems to offer reasonable interpretations of his characters' behavior, only to withdraw the interpretations or set them slightly askew in an effort to keep the audience intent on every least hint in the action on stage.”

A. Harold Pinter Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)
B. Brendan Behan
C. George Bernard Shaw
D. Sean O'Casey

(I) Only A and B is True
 (II) Only A and C is True
(III) Only C and D is True
(IV)  All the dramatists are True Read More about UGC NET   

12. “Lightly, O lightly, we bear heralong,/She sways like a flower in the wind
of our song;/She skims like a bird on the foam ofa stream,/She floats like a laugh from the lips
of a dream.....”

These lines occur in the poem

(A) “Palanquin bearers”
(B) “The Illusion of Love”
(C) “Indian Love Song”
(D) “Cradle Song”

13. Which among the following novels of Anita Desai is a children’s book?

(A) Fire and The Mountain
(B) Fasting, Feasting
(C) The Zig zag Way Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)
(D) The Village by the Sea

14. Who among the following writers describes novels as “not form which you see but emotion which you feel”?

(A) D.H. Lawrence
(B) Jean Rhys
(C) Virginia Woolf
(D) Joseph Conrad Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)

15. In Paradise Lost, Milton invokes his ‘Heav’nly Muse’, ‘Urania’ at the beginning of:

Codes:

I. Book one
II. Book four
III. Book nine
IV. Book seven

The right combination according to the code is

(A) I and II are correct.
(B) I, III and IV correct.
(C) II and III are correct.
(D) I and IV are correct. Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)

16. Which one of the following best describes the basic principle of New Criticism?

(A) An emphasis on the distinctive style and personality of the authors.
(B) Stressing the virtues of discipline, order and the ethical mean.
(C) Locating the meaning of a literary work in the internal relations of the language that constitute a text.
(D) Evaluating a literary text against a backdrop of historical events.

17. Who among the following figures give a preview of Aschenbach’s fatal end in Death in Venice? Read More about UGC NET   

Codes:

I. The Graveyard Stranger
II. The Governess
III. The barber
IV. The Gondolier

The right combination according to the code is:

(A) III and IV are correct.
(B) I and IV are correct. Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)
(C) II and III are correct.
(D) I and III are correct.

(German novelist Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice (1912) is one of the most famous novellas (short novels) in 20th-century literature. Mann tells the story of Gustav Aschenbach, an acclaimed author in the final years of his career, who dies an untimely death while alone on vacation in Venice, Italy. Upon arriving in Venice, Aschenbach becomes enamored with a teenage Polish boy named Tadzio and begins to follow Tadzio and his family every day. When an outbreak of plague begins to spread through Venice, Aschenbach refuses to leave the city. Instead, he lingers there, hoping to catch another glimpse of Tadzio. )

18. Jacques Lacan posits three ‘orders’ which structure human existence. In the list that follows : Identify the one that is not included by Lacan :

(A) Imaginary (B) Unconscious
(C) Real (D) Symbolic

19. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Deconstructive reading is apolitical.

Reason (R): Because it focuses exclusively on language. It primarily holds that all texts or linguistic structures contain within them a principle of destabilisation and hence it is difficult to pin down meaning. Such a reading, therefore, is unable to assign historical agency.  Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)

In this context above statements, identify which one of the following incorrect?

(A) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.

20. The following dates from History of English literature have become famous for different reasons. Identify the correctly matched group.

Dates
Importance
(I) 43 B.C.
(a) The Norman conquest of England took place.
(II) 410 A.D.
(b) St. Augustine came to England, and Christianity was introduced. 
(III) 597
(c) The Romans withdrew from England.

(IV) 1066
(d) The Magna Charta was issued by King John
(V) 1215
(e) The Roman General Claudius Conquered England.


     (I) (II) (III) (IV) (V)

(A) (e) (d) (c) (a) (b)
(B) (d) (e) (b) (c) (a)
 (C) (c) (d) (b) (e) (a)
 (D) (e) (c) (d) (a) (b) Read More about UGC NET   

21. In the very opening scene of Volpone, the protagonist says, “Open the shrine, that I may see my Saint,” By the word ‘Saint’, Volpone is referring to

(A) The Sun (B) Saint Arthur
(C) Gold (D) Apollo

22.  Which of the following Leader - Movement correctly matched?

A. Martin Luther- Calvinism
B. John Calvin of Geneva- Humanism
C. Desiderius Erasmus-Humanism
D. William Grocyn - Calvinism

23. What characteristics of 17th century metaphysical poetry sparked the enthusiasm of modernist poets and critics?

Code: Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)

I. its intellectual complexity
II. Its uncompromising engagement with politics
III. Its religious fervour
IV. Its union of thought and passion
The right combination according to the code is

(A) I and III are correct.
(B) I and IV are correct.
(C) II and III are correct.
(D) I and II are correct.

24. One of the English king issued ‘Book of sports’, authorizing and promoting Sunday sports and rural festivals. It lit the flash point in the conflict over culture in this period. Puritans denounced these sports as ‘pagan’ in origin and on the casino of sin. Read More about UGC NET   


Now on the given clues:

1. His rule was an intense fermentation in all spheres of life-religious, scientific, Political, cultural.
2. The king defined himself God’s deputy and   Absolute Monarch.
 3. All through his rule, He remained anti puritan.

 Identify the king:

A. King James-I
B. King Charles-I
C. Queen Elizabeth I
 D. King Henry VIII

25.   Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The romantic tragedy is built on a plan different from that of classical tragedy.

Reason (R): The romantic tragedy is written not to a set pattern like classical tragedy, but in whatever forms the writer finds best suited to his dramatic purpose.   Read More about A to Z (Objective Questions)

In this context above statements, identify which one of the following incorrect?

(A) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
(D) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.

26. Rearrange the correct sequence.

I. Calvinism, a stricter form of Protestantism, soon spread to England, Scotland and Germany, Hungary and Holland.

II. During the middle Ages the countries of Europe were governess by the Roman Catholic Church. Read More about UGC NET   

III. Reformation received support from the Humanists, like Erasmus and the Oxford Humanist.

 IV. English king Henry VIII broke off from the Roman Catholic Church of England and   reformation began in England.

V. Martin Luther, a German clergyman, raised the issue of corruption in the Roman church.

 A. II- V- I- III- IV
B. I-II-IV-III-V
C. III-I-IV-V-II
D. V-I-III-II-IV

Ref: 1. History of English Literature- Albert     
        2. The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature
        3. UGC NET OLD QUESTION PAPERS

Buy My Books

Buy My Books
Objective Questions from English Literature

Recent Posts