Articulation and Philology: Velar closure and Velic closure : Contrastive distribution and free variation : Consonant cluster and consonant gemination.
Answer: Velar closure refers to the complete closure of the back of the tongue against the soft palate (velum) in speech sounds. Velic closure, on the other hand, refers to the incomplete closure, where there is a narrow constriction but not a complete blockage, allowing air to flow through the nasal passages.
Answer: Contrastive distribution occurs when two or more sounds or phonemes in a language are used in distinct, mutually exclusive contexts, and substituting one for the other can change the meaning of a word. It helps distinguish words from each other in a language.
Answer: Free variation refers to the occurrence of multiple phonetic realizations of a single phoneme or sound in a language, where the variations do not affect the meaning of words or sentences. These variations can be influenced by factors such as speech rate, emphasis, or speaker idiosyncrasies.
Answer: Consonant clusters are sequences of two or more consonant sounds occurring consecutively within a word, without any vowels between them. For example, in the English word "splash," the "spl" is a consonant cluster.
Answer: Consonant gemination is the lengthening or doubling of a consonant sound within a word, often to indicate a difference in meaning. Consonant clusters, as mentioned earlier, involve the presence of multiple consonants in a sequence without necessarily indicating a change in meaning. For example, in Italian, "casa" (house) and "cassa" (box) differ in meaning due to the gemination of the "s" sound in the latter.
Answer: Allophones are variant pronunciations of a phoneme in a specific linguistic context. They do not change the meaning of a word but contribute to the overall sound patterns of a language. Understanding allophones is essential in analyzing phonological rules.
Answer: Palatalization is the process of raising the front part of the tongue toward the hard palate during the production of a consonant sound. An example is the Russian language, where the softening of consonants, such as "т" (t) becoming "ть" (ty), demonstrates palatalization.
Answer: Minimal pairs are pairs of words that differ by only one sound, yet changing that sound results in a change of meaning. Linguists use minimal pairs to identify and analyze phonemes and their allophones, helping to understand the phonological system of a language.
Answer: Articulatory phonetics is the study of how speech sounds are physically produced by the human vocal apparatus. It examines the movements and positions of the articulatory organs, such as the tongue, lips, and vocal cords, in the production of sounds, helping describe and classify them.
Ans: Soft Palate is lowered
to touch the back of the tongue.
Ans: A
velar consonant is one in which the primary arliculatary feature is the
movement of the back of the tongue towards the S.P. [k], [g] and [n] are all
velar consonants. A velarised consonant is one in which there is a secondary
movement of the back of the tongue towards the s.p.or velum e.g. [t] which
occurs only before consonants and in the final position is a velarised
consonant because in addition to the primary articulatory movement of the tip
of the tongue towards the alveolar ridge, the back of the tongue is raised
towards the s.p. or velum.
Ans: Although /r/ is not pronounced in the final position in
English, it is pronounced it the ward ending with this sound is followed them
another word beginning with a vowel sound in a continuous utterance. This
phenomena is called linking /r/. e.g. ' father arrived ' Intrusive /r/ is the
name of the phenomena in which there is an addition of the speech sound /r/
between syllables or words in connected speech for the ease of pronunciation
e.g. there is an intrusive /r/ in the pronunciation of 'Law and order '
/la:ran'c:ds/
Ans: The active
articulator is the member of the oral cavity which moves towards another
relatively placid member in order to form particular strictures. ---
The passive
articulator is the relatively placid member towards which an active articulator
moves to from a particular stricture and sound. In the production of the sound
[t], the active articulator is the tip of the tongue and the passive articulator
is the alveolar ridge.
Ans:A velic closure
is one in which the soft palate or velum is raised to touch the back wall of
the pharynx in order to completely back the passage of air through the nasal cavity
as in the production of the stops like [p] , [t] , [k], [g], [b], [d] , and
[ts] , [d3] .
A velar closure is
one in which in addition to the velic closure the back of the tongue is raised
to touch the raised soft palate so as to black the passage of air through both
the oral and nasal cavities . The two velar stops [k] and [g] are produced in
this manner.
Ans: Broad transcription
is a type of phonetic transcription using a restricted number of symbols and no
allophonic variations so as to produce a readable transcript. A narrow
transcription is a type of phonetic transcription which tries to represent the
speech as accurately as possible by the use of all the allomorphic variations. E.g.
in representing the English word ' pit ‘/pit
/ is a broad transcription narrow transcription [phit]
Ans:A
chest pulse is the muscular contraction of the diaphragm which begins the aggressive
pulmonic air stream and produces an ordinary syllable. A stressed pulse or a sinecure
chest pulse is on which occurs with an extra burst of energy. A stressed pulse
produces a stressed syllable.
(i) voiced palats
alveelar fricative -- [3]
(ii) voiced velar
nasal -- {n}
(iii)voiceless
glottal fricative -- [h]
(iv) voiced labio
- velar semivowel -- [w]
Ans:When there is no vowel in a syllable and the consonant takes
the position of the nucleus, then that consonant is known as syllabic
consonant. For example, in the word 'uncle ' there is one vowel but two syllables:
/nn/ and /ke/. In the latter there is no vowel, and it is the consonant /l/
which sweeps as the nuclide therefore /e/ is called a syllable consonant in
this ease.
Ans:If two sounds can be substituted for each other and the
substitution brings about a change in meaning, then they are said to be in
contrastive distribution. For example in ' sit ' [sit] 'sin' [sin], [s] and [n]
are in contrastive distribution, since the replacement brings about a change in
meaning.
Two
sounds are said to be in free variation if their substitution by each other does
not bring about a change in meaning. Far example 'cat' may be pronounced with
either an unreleased ' plosive ' is in [khgt]or a released one [khgt<] at
the end , but this toes not bring about a change in meaning . [t] And [t<]
therefore in free variation.
Ans: A
consonant cluster is a combination of two or more adjacent consonants occurring
within the same syllable. For example, the consonant cluster in 'stop ' has two
consonants, and in ‘split ' has there consonant gemination refers to the
repetition of the some consonant sound successively in the same syllable. There
is no consonant gemination in English and that is why they pronounce ' bhutto
' with a single ' t ' sound. ' Contoids ' is a phonetic term referring to the
entire class of consonantal sounds instinctive of language , in distinction from
' consonant ' which is a phonetic term referring to the consonants in a part
language , similarly , 'Voeoids' is a phonetic term referring to the entire
class of vowel sounds instinctive of language , in distinction from ' vowel '
which is a phonemic term referring to the vowels in a part language .
Comments
Post a Comment
Drop any query, suggestion or comment here.