FUNDAMENTAL GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY : PGT , TGT and Other Competitive Examinations
The Conformity of Tom Jones with Fielding’s Theory of the Novel
Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones as a Picaresque Novel: ‘comic – epic in prose’
Indo-Anglican Fiction of the Post-Independence Era
Tiresias in "The Waste Land": Central Figure and Interested Spectator of the Modern Waste Land
Introduction: Tiresias: The central figure:
Development of English Essays from Francis Bacon to Joseph Addison
Francis Bacon |
Prominent Essayists of that Era Under Discussion:
- Bacon's essays are characterized by their concise and aphoristic style, covering a wide range of topics.
- He emphasized the practical application of knowledge and the pursuit of truth through observation and reasoning.
- Cowley was a poet and essayist known for his metaphysical poetry and prose works.
- His essays encompassed diverse subjects, including literature, politics, and philosophy, displaying wit and intellectual depth in his writing.
- Dryden's essays focused on literary criticism, discussing various genres and analyzing the works of his contemporaries.
- He advocated for a more refined and polished style of writing, promoting clarity and elegance in literature.
- Hall's essays focused on moral and religious themes, offering practical advice and insights into human nature.
- His works, such as "Three Centuries of Meditations and Vowes, Divine and Morall," displayed a devout and contemplative approach to life.
- Overbury's essays were characterized by their wit and satirical tone, often providing commentary on courtly life and manners.
- His most famous work essayistic poem, "A Wife," offered humorous and astute observations on marriage and relationships.
- Earle's essays, collected in his work "Microcosmographie," provided witty and concise character sketches of various types of people.
- His keen observations captured the nuances of human behavior and societal roles.
- Browne's essays, particularly in his work "Religio Medici," delved into religious and philosophical inquiries.
- His writing showcased a blend of skepticism and deep spiritual introspection, exploring the mysteries of existence.
- Locke's essays, notably "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding," discussed topics related to epistemology and the nature of knowledge.
- His works laid the foundation for empiricism and influenced the development of modern philosophical thought.
- Temple's essays covered a wide range of subjects, including politics, literature, and gardening.
- His writing displayed a combination of wit, wisdom, and practical insights, offering commentary on contemporary issues.
- Halifax's essays, known as "The Character of a Trimmer," focused on political philosophy and the importance of moderation.
- His works advocated for a balanced approach to governance and highlighted the dangers of extreme ideologies.
- Steele was a prominent essayist and co-founder of "The Spectator", a popular periodical.
- Launched in 1709 by Richard Steele, "The Tatler" presented a unique blend of news, commentary, and social observations in the form of essays.
- His essays addressed social issues, manners, and morality, often using humor and satire to highlight societal flaws.
- Addison's essays in "The Spectator" were influential in shaping the periodical essay form.
- He explored a wide range of topics, including literature, politics, and social customs, with a refined and eloquent writing style.
Digest:
Raja Rao’s Contribution to Fiction: Critical Assessment
Apart from his novels, he is also compiler of short stories. The cow of the Barricades and other stories is the collection of some of his translated Kannada stories and others written in English. On The Gang of Ghats is a collection of connected stories that presents vivid glimpses of the permanent reality of India life. He has also a few of the articles published in various journals, both English and Kannada.
Raja Rao's Contribution to Indian Fiction: A Critical Assessment: Key Points:
- Raja Rao was a pioneering Indian novelist who helped to introduce Indian fiction to the English-speaking world.
- He was a master of the English language, and he used it to create a unique and hybrid style that blended Indian and Western literary traditions.
- His novels explore the themes of identity, exile, and the relationship between East and West.
- He is considered one of the most important Indian novelists of the 20th century.
- Rao's novels are characterized by their use of symbolism and allegory.
- They often explore the conflict between traditional Indian values and the modern world.
- Rao's work has been praised for its beauty, its complexity, and its insights into the human condition.
- Raja Rao's work has had a lasting impact on Indian fiction. He helped to establish Indian fiction as a major force in world literature, and his work continues to be read and studied by scholars and critics around the world.
Indian literature in English : Walsh, William, 1916- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/indianliterature0000wals
Indian English literature since independence : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/indianenglishlit0000unse
20th Century Literary Criticism with Special Reference -T.S. ELIOT, Arthur Symons
Pre- Raphaelite Poetry: ‘Fleshly School’ of Sexual Passion
One Act Play Made its Entrance in the Twentieth Century and Concentrates both the Denouement and Climax within its Short Space
Introduction:
Origins of One-Act Plays:
Concentration of Climax and Denouement:
Themes and Styles:
Impact on Theater:
A few Examples:
Conclusion:
Ould. (1948, January 1). The Art of the Play . Sir I. Pitman & sons, ltd.
ALBERT. (2000). History of English Literature (Fifth Edition) [English]. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Myth | Definition, History, Examples, & Facts. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/myth
Kubilay, F. (n.d.). David Daiches - A Critical History of English Literature, vol.I. (PDF) David Daiches - a Critical History of English Literature, vol.I | Figen Kubilay - Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/36004761/David_Daiches_A_Critical_History_of_English_Literature_vol_I
Review: A History of English Literature * Alexander Michael: A History of English Literature. (2002, July 1). Forum for Modern Language Studies, 38(3), 352–352. https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/38.3.352
Legouis & Cazamian’s : History of English Literature - in 5 Vols. (n.d.). Legouis & Cazamian&Rsquo;S : History of English Literature - in 5 Vols. https://www.shreepublishers.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=1190
A short history of English literature : Saintsbury, George, 1845-1933 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/ashorthistoryen01saingoog
A History Of Late Nineteenth Century Drama Vol 1 : Nicoll,allardyce : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.509588
A history of English literature : Buchan, John, 1875-1940 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/historyofenglish00buch
Full text of “A History Of English Literature Vol. 3 Ed.1st.” (n.d.). Full Text of “a History of English Literature Vol. 3 Ed.1st.” https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.100288/2015.100288.A-History-Of-English-Literature-Vol-3--Ed1st_djvu.txt
John Galsworthy’s Art of Characterization in The Man of Property
W. B. Yeats’s Poetry: Analysis of Organic Development and Growth
The poetic career of Yeats is longer than that of Words worth or Tennyson. His poetic genius during this long period was in a sate of continuous growth and maturity. His later poetry shows distinct marks of advancement over the earlier one. It should, however, be borne in mind that there is no opposition or contradiction between the early and the later phases. His poetry as a whole displays an organic development and the later poetry with all the maturity is but a consummation or fruition of his earlier one. Celebrated critics like Kenner and Untercker have also endorsed the view that there exists a continuity, a trend of gradual development n Yeats’s poetic genius. Hence the efflorescence of his later poems may be traced to the budding of his genius during the early phase.
However, this evolution of his poetic genius shows a process of show transition. This transition was ever an abrupt one. This process was a long and elaborates one and Prof Scott James has pertinently pointed out that it is in effect semblance with the Greek drama which prominently exhibits a beginning, a middle and an end. Now for the purpose of bringing this organic development in to foes, his poetic career may be divided in two following four stages:
It is gratifying indeed to trace this development of his genius and to study the growth and evolution of his poetry in respect of form and content, tone and technique. In the early poetry or during Celtic Twilight period, Yeats appears to be escapist. The poet is found to emulate the pre-Raphaelites and the Romantic poets. Indeed to his early poetry we discern clear marks of Per-Raphaelite colour and romantic imagination. The poet escapes from the harsh reality and sordidly of the mundane world into a pulsating dream-world of Irish legend, my theology and folklore.
Wikipedia: William Butler Yeats |
The poems composed during thus last phase are ironical and tragic. A note of pathos, irony and poetry of this last phase. But all these were calculated to cover up the intensity of his suffering, the frustration and tragedy of life. But the poet retained the command over his materials all through. Up to the end he was in the fullness of his powers. But with the passing away of time, the poet was gradually becoming an isolated entity, immune from the complex world around him. The poet was pathetically conscious of this deplorable isolation, of the lonesome existence which lay heavy on him:
Key Points Discussed Here: W. B. Yeats’s Poetry: Analysis of Organic Development and Growth
- Yeats's poetry evolves from romanticism to modernism.
- Early works focus on love and mysticism, later shifting to societal and political concerns.
- His fascination with Irish folklore and mythology deepens over time.
- Symbolism becomes a hallmark, reflecting complex themes and personal philosophy.
- Later poems embrace realism, addressing age, mortality, and the complexities of life.
- Yeats's poetry showcases a progression of ideas, demonstrating his organic growth as a poet.
W B Yeats : a biography with selected poems : Lambirth, Andrew, 1959- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/wbyeatsbiography0000lamb
Selected poems, W.B. Yeats : notes : Jeffares, A. Norman (Alexander Norman), 1920-2005 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/selectedpoemswby0000jeff
Full text of “William Butler Yeats’s Search For A Spiritual Philosophy.” (n.d.). Full Text of “William Butler Yeats’s Search for a Spiritual Philosophy.” https://archive.org/stream/WilliamButlerYeatssSearchForASpiritualPhilosophy/WilliamButlerYeatssSearchForASpiritualPhilosophy_djvu.txt
W B Yeats - Collected Poems, 1889-1939 : W B Yeats : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/WBYeats-CollectedPoems1889-1939
W. B. Yeats, man and poet : Jeffares, A. Norman : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/wbyeatsmanpoet00jeff
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