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"Joseph Andrews" by Henry Fielding: ‘Comic-epic in Prose’

“Public schools are the nurseries of all vice and immorality.”
Henry Fielding

Henry Fielding argued in the preface to  "Joseph Andrews" (1742) that the novel is a "comic-epic in prose." This classification refers to the unique combination of comedic elements and epic storytelling techniques found within the novel. In this work, Fielding parodies Samuel Richardson's novel "Pamela" (1740), which revolves around the theme of virtue under siege. Fielding's theory of the novel as a "comic epic in prose" is effectively implemented in  "Joseph Andrews" through various interconnected inset stories and episodes, all closely tied to the central theme.

The story of Joseph Andrews can be summarized concisely. Joseph, having offended a lady of higher social rank and power, decides to return home. Along the way, he encounters numerous misfortunes, but upon reaching home, he discovers that the lady and her relatives are attempting to undermine his efforts. However, Joseph eventually finds happiness with Fanny and leads a comfortable life.

It is important to note that Joseph Andrews is the novel's hero. At the beginning, we learn that he is a domestic servant and the only son of Gaffe and Ginner Andrews. Interestingly, his sister's name is Pamela. However, later in the novel, it is revealed that Joseph is actually the son of Mr. Wilson and was kidnapped by gypsies during his childhood. Another significant character is Parson Adams, who accompanies Joseph on his journey. The novel also features minor characters such as Parson Barnabas, Parson Gulliver, and Peter Power.

Fielding's use of the term "comic-epic" highlights the blending of two distinct genres: comedy and epic. In "Joseph Andrews,"
Henry Fielding
 he employs humor, satire, and irony to create a comic atmosphere and entertain the reader. The novel is filled with humorous situations, witty dialogues, and absurd characters, all of which contribute to its comedic nature.

It is very interesting to note that the four books of Joseph Andrews are like four acts of a epic drama full of dramatic appearances. Some critics suggest the novel as a parody of romantic plots in general as it rebukes many notions of 18th century remakes. It is also to be noted that "Joseph Andrews" is in the tradition of the picaresque novel and as such the novelist is now interested in the depiction of the manners and morals of the contemporary society satirically than in the delineation of character.

At the same time, Fielding incorporates elements commonly associated with epic literature. The narrative structure of "Joseph Andrews" follows the journey of the eponymous character, Joseph Andrews, as he encounters various challenges and adventures. The story unfolds in a grand, sweeping manner, with Joseph facing obstacles and undergoing personal growth along the way. This epic structure adds a sense of grandeur and significance to the events of the novel.

Additionally, Fielding's choice of prose as the medium for his comic-epic is notable. While epic narratives are traditionally written in verse, Fielding's decision to use prose allows for a more accessible and realistic portrayal of the characters and their world. The use of prose also enables Fielding to incorporate his satirical and ironic commentary more effectively, as he can seamlessly blend it with the narrative.

In summary,  "Joseph Andrews" by Henry Fielding is considered a "comic-epic in prose" due to its fusion of comedic elements and epic storytelling techniques. Fielding's skillful combination of humor, satire, and irony, along with the use of a grand narrative structure, sets the novel apart and contributes to its enduring popularity and critical acclaim.

Let's answer these Questions: 

(1) What is called comic epic prose?
(2) What is picaresque novel?
(3) How is the novel anti romantic?

Ardhendu De

Ref: 1. ALBERT. (2000). History of English Literature (Fifth Edition) [English]. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
       2. Joseph Andrews : Fielding, Henry, 1707-1754 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/josephandrews00fielrich
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