Joan as the Apostle of Nationalism: A Discussion from George Bernard Shaw's "Saint Joan"

Introduction: Nationalism's Guiding Light

George Bernard Shaw's play "Saint Joan" A Chronicle Play In Six Scenes And An Epilogue (1924) portrays the remarkable story of Joan of Arc, a peasant girl who defied societal norms and led the French army to victories during the Hundred Years' War. While Joan's role as a religious figure is well-known, Shaw's interpretation in "Saint Joan" presents her as an apostle of nationalism. Shaw not only glorified the character of Joan but also revealed the emerging spirits of nationalism and Protestantism. It is through Joan that the playwright declares the end of the corrupt and foul feudal system and pseudo-moralistic catholic church. It is man's conviction that the devil enters the body of one who tries to encroach upon the land and language of others. Joan's slogan 'England for English and France for the French' raised a in the political circles. Warwick felt that her call might give rise to nationalistic feelings resulting in the end of the feudal system. Therefore she had been vehemently opposed. Both the law and church were against her because in her they see a potent danger to their substance, power and position. This discussion aims to explore the theme of nationalism in the play and examine how Joan embodies its ideals.

Joan's Connection to France: The Indomitable Spirit of Joan

In George Bernard Shaw's play "Saint Joan," Joan of Arc's unwavering belief in liberating France from English occupation serves as a central aspect of her character. Shaw portrays Joan as a symbol of French nationalism, as she is driven by a profound sense of patriotism and devotion to her country. Her mission to crown the Dauphin and reinstate him as the rightful king exemplifies her unwavering commitment to the French nation. In the Preface of the play it is rightly said: "She was also one of the first apostles of Nationalism, and the first French practitioner of Napoleonic realism in warfare as distinguished from the sporting ransom-gambling chivalry of her time. She was the pioneer of rational dressing for women, and, like Queen Christina of Sweden two centuries later, to say nothing of Catalina de Erauso and innumerable obscure heroines who have disguised themselves as men to serve as soldiers and sailors, she refused to accept the specific woman's lot, and dressed and fought and lived as men did."

Challenging Authority and the Status Quo

Joan's actions in "Saint Joan" go against the established hierarchy and question the authority of the Church and the aristocracy. She defies societal expectations by rejecting the traditional gender roles assigned to women, asserting her right to fight for her country. Joan's unwavering determination to unite the divided factions of France under one banner exemplifies her belief in the unifying power of nationalism.

Unyielding Convictions: Joan's Intellectual Fortitude

Joan of Arc

Joan's determination extended beyond her actions on the battlefield. Even though she lacked the ability to write letters herself, she found alternative means by dictating them, placing great significance on their content. In fact, she often attributed excessive importance to these written communications. Notably, when someone referred to her as a mere shepherd lass, Joan vehemently objected, defending her capabilities and openly challenging any woman to rival her expertise in the domestic arts mastered by those who preside over well-appointed households.

Moreover, Joan's comprehension of the political and military landscape in France surpassed that of many educated women of her time, let alone the present day. She possessed a deep understanding of her country's situation, a level of understanding that surpasses the grasp of numerous university-educated women of today who rely solely on information fed to them by newspapers. Joan's intellectual prowess and awareness of her surroundings were essential components that shaped her character and contributed to her unwavering commitment to her cause.

Inspiring National Unity

Joan's charismatic personality and steadfast conviction serve as an inspiration for others, leading them to rally behind her cause. In "Saint Joan," Shaw portrays her as a unifying force who bridges the divide between the noble and the common, as well as the religious and the secular. Through her actions, Joan instills a profound sense of national pride and motivates the French people to courageously fight for the liberation and defense of their homeland.

Clash with Institutional Powers

Joan's embodiment of nationalism inevitably leads to conflicts with established institutions. The Church questions her divine claims, as they challenge the authority of the clergy. Additionally, the political elite, feeling threatened by her growing influence, perceive her as a disruptor of their own interests. Joan's struggle against these institutional powers serves to highlight the inherent tension between nationalism and the authority wielded by established institutions.

Legacy of Nationalism

In "Saint Joan," George Bernard Shaw presents Joan's story as a cautionary tale that sheds light on the consequences of unchecked nationalism. Despite her remarkable triumphs and unwavering commitment to her country, Joan ultimately falls victim to political manipulation. She is unjustly condemned and tragically executed. This poignant ending raises profound questions about the dangers inherent in the unchecked pursuit of nationalism and the sacrifices that are made in the name of national identity. Shaw's portrayal serves as a reminder to critically examine the impact and potential pitfalls of extreme nationalism in order to avoid the tragic outcomes that can arise from its fervent pursuit.

Conclusion

In George Bernard Shaw's "Saint Joan," Joan of Arc emerges as an apostle of nationalism, driven by a deep sense of patriotism and devotion to her country. By challenging authority, inspiring national unity, and confronting institutional powers, she becomes a symbol of French nationalism. However, Shaw also reminds us of the potential perils associated with unchecked nationalism, as Joan's tragic fate highlights the sacrifices made in the name of national identity. Through his play, Shaw prompts us to contemplate the complex interplay between nationalism, individual agency, and the greater good of a nation.

Ardhendu De

References:

1. Saint Joan : George Bernard Shaw : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/saintjoanchronic00shaw_1

2. Saint Joan. (n.d.). Saint Joan. http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200811h.html

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