"The first thing that struck Manfred's eyes was a group
of his servants endeavouring to raise something that appeared to him a mountain
of sable plumes. He gazed without believing his sight. What are ye doing? cried
Manfred, wrathfully: Where is my son? A volley of voices replied, Oh, my lord!
the prince! the prince! the helmet! the helmet! Shocked with these lamentable
sounds, and dreading he knew not what, he advanced hastily—But what a sight for
a father's eyes!—He beheld his child dashed to pieces, and almost buried under
an enormous helmet, an hundred times more large than any casque ever made for
human being, and shaded with a proportionable quantity of black feathers."-
A Gothic Story Chapter I
Gothic literature , the setting for which was usually a ruined Gothic castle or abbey, is a type of romance very popular from the 1760s onwards until the 1820s. The Gothic novel, or Gothic romance, emphasized mystery and horror and was filled with ghost-haunted rooms, underground passages, and secret stairways. It has had a considerable influence of fiction since and is of much importance in the evolution of the ghost story and the horror story.
Mystery and horror are two of the defining elements of Gothic literature. These elements are often intertwined, creating a sense of suspense and dread in the reader.
Mystery is created by the introduction of unknown or unexplained elements into the story. This can include the presence of ghosts, supernatural creatures, or other supernatural forces. It can also be created by the withholding of information from the reader, such as the identity of the villain or the true nature of the events that are taking place.
Horror is created by the depiction of frightening or disgusting events or images. This can include violence, death, gore, or the supernatural. It can also be created by the use of suspense and tension, leaving the reader feeling on edge.
In addition to mystery and horror, other common elements of Gothic literature include:
A desolate or haunted setting: Gothic stories are often set in dark, gloomy places, such as old castles, abandoned mansions, or graveyards. These settings create a sense of isolation and foreboding, which can enhance the feeling of mystery and horror.
A strong female protagonist: Gothic stories often feature a strong female protagonist who is a victim of circumstance. She is often forced to overcome obstacles and face danger in order to survive.
The use of symbolism: Gothic stories often use symbolism to represent the characters' inner thoughts and feelings. For example, a dark forest might represent the protagonist's fear of the unknown, or a ghost might represent the protagonist's guilt or regret.
The use of melodrama: Gothic stories often use melodrama to create a sense of heightened emotion. This can be seen in the characters' exaggerated reactions to events, as well as the use of language and imagery that is designed to evoke strong emotions in the reader.
The principal writers of the English Gothic romance were Horace Walpole, author of The Castle of Otranto (1764); Clara Reeve, who wrote The Champion of Virtue (1777); Ann Radcliffe, author of The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794); Matthew Gregory Lewis, author of Ambrosio, or the Monk (1796); Charles Robert Maturin, who wrote The Fatal Revenge (1807); and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, who wrote Frankenstein (1818). One of the earliest examples of Tobias Smollett’s Ferdinand Count Fathom (1753), very probably the first novel – a form then newly developed – to propose terror and cruelty as its main themes.
Much better known than this is Horace Walpole’s The
Castle of Otranto (1764), which he wrote in his house at Strawberry Hill,
Twickonham, near London. Walpole (1717-97) settled there in 1747. He made his
abode into a little Gothic cantle and established a private press. ‘Strawberry
Hill Gothic’ becomes a common term for any example of romantic Gothicized
architecture of the period. This was the era of the Gothic revival in
architecture, brought about by a renewed and romantic interest in the medieval.
Charles Brockden Brown, the first American professional novelist, is
best known for his Gothic romances. The genre was one phase of the literary
movement of romanticism in English literature and was also the forerunner of
the modern mystery novel. Later American writers who used Gothic elements in
their fiction include Henry James, William Faulkner, and Flannery O'Connor. The
term Gothic is also used to designate narrative prose or poetry of which
the principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural. Many of the
works of the late-20th-century American novelists Stephen King and Anne Rice
demonstrate the continued influence and popularity of the Gothic form.
Most
Gothic novels are tales of mystery and horror, intended to chill the spine and
curdle the blood. They contain a strong element of the supernatural and have
all or most of the now familiar topography, sites props, presences and
happenings: wild and desolate landscapes, dark forests, ruined abbeys, feudal
halls and medieval castles with dungeons, secret passages, winding stairways, oubliette,
sliding panels and torture chambers; monstrous apparitions and curses, a
stupefying atmosphere of doom and gloom; heroes and heroines in the direst of
imaginable straits, wicked tyrants, malevolent witches, demonic powers of unspeakably
hideous aspect, and a proper complement of spooky effects and clanking specters….
The whole apparatus in fact that has the cinema and much third-rate fiction
going for years, is to be found in these tales. The most popular sold in great
quantities and they were read avidly.
Gothic literature has been a popular genre for centuries, and it continues to be enjoyed by readers today. It is a genre that explores the darker side of human nature, and it can be both entertaining and thought-provoking.
References:
Gothic literature : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/gothicliterature0002unse_n1y2
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