Bildungsroman and Künstlerroman Definition: Explaining the Literary Terms

What is Bildungsroman?

Bildungsroman (Bildung, meaning "education," and Roman, meaning "novel" ; origin German) is a type of novel that focuses on the psychological, intellectual and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood. This genre is characterized by the protagonist's journey of self-discovery and the formation of their identity through personal experiences and challenges. Bildungsroman novels often examine the cultural and societal values of the time period in which they were written.

Bildungsroman Characteristics

A Bildungsroman is a type of novel that focuses on the growth and development of a character from youth to adulthood, often depicting the character's psychological, moral, and intellectual development. These types of novels usually meets some common characteristics. 

In most of the cases, the story typically follows the protagonist's journey from innocence to experience, as they face challenges and make mistakes along the way. The hero often experiences a sense of alienation or disconnection from society, which drives them to seek knowledge and understanding. The story is often linked to hero's education, either formal or informal.

The protagonist experiences a profound loss at the beginning of the novel, usually during their early formative years and then there is a Journey, both spiritual and physical. And in this journey h/she meets the inner Conflict and personal growth that ultimately leads the Maturity.

 The Bildungsroman often includes a mentor figure who provides guidance and wisdom to the protagonist. It explores social and cultural norms and values, and how these impact the protagonist's growth and development. 

The Bildungsroman often ends with the hero's achieving a greater sense of self-awareness and self-acceptance, as well as finding their place in society. 

Bildungsroman Origins

The term "Bildungsroman" was coined in the early 19th century by German philosopher and literary critic Johann Carl Simon Morgenstern. However, the genre itself had been developing in Germany for several decades before that.

Some of the earliest examples of Bildungsroman include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre 4 volumes, 1795-1796; Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship, 1824 and Christoph Martin Wieland's "Agathon" (1766-1767). Other notable examples from the German tradition include Friedrich Schiller's "The Ghost-Seer" (1787-1789) and Adalbert Stifter's "Rock Crystal" (1845). The Swiss novelist Gottfried Keller, in his autobiographical novel Der grüne Heinrich (4 volumes, 1854-1855; Green Henry, 1960), continued the tradition of the bildungsroman that began with Goethe.

It gained popularity throughout Europe in the 19th century, with notable examples including Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations" (1861) and Gustave Flaubert's "Sentimental Education" (1869). Today, the Bildungsroman remains a popular and influential genre in literature.

Künstlerroman in Literature

There is another subcategory of Bildungsroman. It is known as Künstlerroman.

A Künstlerroman is a type of novel that focuses on the development of an artist, typically a writer or musician. The term comes from the German words "Künstler," meaning "artist," and "Roman," meaning "novel."

Künstlerromane often explore the struggles and challenges that artists face in their creative endeavors, including the tension between artistic expression and commercial success, the isolation and loneliness of the creative process, and the search for personal and artistic identity. The hero or the herine of a Künstlerroman is typically a young and aspiring artist who must overcome obstacles and challenges in order to achieve artistic maturity and success.

Some famous examples of Künstlerromane in literature include James Joyce's "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man," which follows the development of a young Irish writer named Stephen Dedalus; Thomas Mann's "Death in Venice," which tells the story of a writer who becomes obsessed with a young boy during a trip to Venice; and Hermann Hesse's "Steppenwolf," which explores the existential crisis of a middle-aged writer and intellectual.

Give 3 Best example Bildungsroman from English Literature 

• "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens
• "David Copperfield" by Charles Dickens
• "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee

One of the best-known English novels in this genre is Charles Dickens’s "Great Expectations" (1860-1861). "Great Expectations" is a classic example of a Bildungsroman novel as it follows the growth and development of the protagonist, Pip, from a young orphan boy to a mature adult. Through his experiences and relationships, Pip learns valuable lessons about class, ambition, and the true nature of his own heart.

"David Copperfield" is another novel by Charles Dickens that fits the mold of a Bildungsroman. It is unlikely that Dickens knew the term bildungsroman but he sets up his novel along the lines of the classics in that genre. The events of an individual’s life from childhood to a successful maturity with special emphasis on the difficulties he faced and overcame in childhood and youth form an integral part of these works. The novel follows the life of the titular character from birth to adulthood and charts his journey as he learns about life, love, and the meaning of happiness.

"To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee also fits the criteria of a Bildungsroman. "To Kill a Mockingbird" is at once a powerful indictment of racial injustice and a tender story about growing up. Narrated in the first person by the adult voice of Scout, who is almost six years old when the novel begins, the story weaves together two interrelated plots about life in Maycomb County, Alabama, in the 1930s. The novel follows Scout Finch as she grows up in the South and learns about racial inequality, prejudice, and the nature of justice. Through her experiences, Scout develops a greater understanding of the world and her place in it.

Ardhendu De

References

1. Barron, K. (2021, January 22). Bildungsroman Novels: Definition and Examples - TCK Publishing. TCK Publishing. https://www.tckpublishing.com/bildungsroman-novels/

2. Best Bildungsroman book (324 books). (n.d.). Best Bildungsroman Book (324 Books). https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/3248.Best_Bildungsroman_book