Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Narrative Skill with Reference to ‘Morte d' Arthur’

Introduction

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the renowned Victorian poet, exhibited exceptional narrative skill in his poem "Morte d'Arthur." This poem, part of his larger work "Idylls of the King," focuses on the legendary King Arthur and the events surrounding his final battle and demise. Tennyson's mastery of storytelling and his ability to evoke emotions through vivid imagery contribute to the enduring appeal of this narrative. ‘Morte d' Arthur’ is one of the most celebrated narrative poems of Lord  Tennyson. It is in the form of an allegory. King Arthur and Sir Bedivere are in fact symbol of courage and moral qualities. But they are not mere abstractions. They are real human beings. Tennyson very nicely presented the character of both in the poem.

Background

King Arthur was a semi-legendary king of England during the 6^th century. In course of time he to be known as the embodiment of wisdom, morality, virtue and knightly qualities. He laid the foundation of the institution of knighthood which came to be known as the Knight of the round Table or Round Table fellowship. These Knights of the Round Table were brave and honest persons. They were loyal and devoted to their masters. Among these knights Lancelot, Sir Bedivere very prominent. The entire narrative is steeped in medievalism. 

Allegorical Interpretation

King Arthur is the symbol of moral life. He stands for duty, faithfulness and obedience of command Sir Bedivere is a man of the world. He stands for a hesitating and averring man of doubt, questioning. The doubting and questioning spirit of sir is ultimately overcome by the superior force of king. Worldly wisdom is ultimately overpowered by higher spiritual command. Guinevere, major figure in Arthurian legend, the wife and queen of King Arthur is the symbol of the Christian virtue, faith, hope and charity. The arm that emerges from the lake and tales down the word inside the lake is in fact the lady of the lake. And this stands for religion; the Excalibur is the sword which the church gives to holy man like King Arthur to fight against the vices and evils of the world. The sounds are the word of religion. It has the power to destroy evils and brings glory to the religious man. The thronging away of the word also has an allegorical meaning. When, the man, the spirit to whom the word was given as a gift to defend virtue that is passing way , the sword must go back to the given , the church so that later on it could be hauled over to some deserving man.

Furthermore, Tennyson's use of symbolism enriches the narrative and imbues it with additional meaning. The sword Excalibur, for instance, represents Arthur's power and authority, while the Lady of the Lake symbolizes mystery and magic. These symbolic elements add layers of interpretation to the story, inviting readers to reflect on broader themes such as the nature of power, honor, and destiny.

Somber Thought

Lord  Tennyson

The beginning of the poem is highly stringing and suggestive. King Arthur had been a fighter all along his life. He has fought the last battle of his life. He is seriously wounded. All the Knights of the Round Table except Sir Bedivere were killed in the Seattle. 

Belief in Faultless Execution of duty

King Arthur’s Physical strength has gone out. He cannot move. Yet, morally he is quite strong. He is lofty and majestic is his conception of king-hood. He believes in the execution of duty is a faultier manner. He is conscious of his own duty even while he is dying. He learns that the sword Excalibur was given to him by the lady of the Lake to defend in truth and destroy evil. It must be returned to the right owner, so that it may not fall in wrong hands. Therefore, he command Sir Bedivere to carry the sword and throw it away in the Lake . Sir Bedivere  hesitates , but at best he goes . He conceals sword in waterfalls and comes back.

Belief in Truth ; Hatred of lies

King Arthur could make out that bold sir Bedivere was telling lies . He says , "This is a shameful thing for men to lie ". He charges (order) Bedivere to go again . Being a man of the word  Bedivere argues with himself and arrives at the conclusion that the sword should not be thrown away but it should be preserved as a relic for the future generations . He hides the sword a second time and comes back and reports to the king as earlier . The king is emotionally hurt . He orders Sir Bedivere the 3^rd time and warns that if he disobeyed the order he would kill him . Then he really obeys and then he comes and says to the knight what he really sees . There the king is satisfied . He again orders Sir Bedivere to throw him to the lake and he acts accordingly. 

Faith in God

King Arthur firm faith in God and  his sense of things is also reflected  obedience in change. The philosophy of no change is the philosophy of stagnation and corruption. King Arthur’s faith in God’s way remains firm and strong even in his dying state.  King Arthur has supreme faith in prayer. He exhorts Sir Bedivere to pray .

Epical

Tennyson also skillfully weaves together different narrative threads, blending the epic and the personal. While the poem recounts the grand events of Arthur's final battle, it also delves into the internal struggles and emotions of the characters. Through Arthur's reflections and musings, Tennyson captures the king's inner turmoil and his desire for a more idealistic world. This combination of the epic and the intimate adds depth and humanity to the narrative, making it relatable to readers.

Word Choices

One notable aspect of Tennyson's narrative skill is his adept use of descriptive language. He paints a detailed picture of the Arthurian world, enabling readers to immerse themselves in the story. Moreover, Tennyson's choice of words and poetic techniques adds depth and complexity to the story. He employs alliteration, assonance, and other sound devices to create a musical quality in the poem. This not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also reinforces the narrative's emotional resonance. 

Conclusion

In spite of certain shortcomings pointed out by some critics, the poem is an exquisite piece of literary output. It is a great masterpiece. It saturates in poetic imagery. Tennyson's narrative skill in "Morte d'Arthur" is also exemplary. Through his vivid descriptions, poetic techniques, and careful storytelling, he brings the Arthurian legend to life, captivating readers with his ability to evoke emotions and create a compelling narrative. His masterful use of language and symbolism further contribute to the richness of the poem, making it a timeless exploration of themes that resonate with audiences even today.

  Ardhendu De

Ref: 

1. A history of English literature : Compton-Rickett, Arthur, 1869-1937 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/historyofenglish00comprich

2. Morte D Arthur : Tennyson Lord : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85895

3. The Literature Of The Victorian Era : Hugh Walker : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.274246