Analyze the use of imagery and symbolism in Jayanta Mahapatra’s “Grass.” What images and symbols does Mahapatra use, and how do they contribute to the poem’s themes?

In Jayanta Mahapatra’s poem “Grass,” the poet utilizes powerful imagery and symbolism to explore themes of grief, memory, and the passage of time. The images and symbols employed in the poem contribute to a contemplative reflection on the human condition, particularly the burden of personal and collective history.

Imagery:

1. Grass: The central image of the poem is the grass, which serves as a metaphor for the passage of time and the cycles of life and death. The grass, which the speaker negotiates with, symbolizes the persistent, inevitable flow of life, despite the weight of grief that the speaker carries.

2. “Great grief across its shoulders”: This image evokes a heavy burden, suggesting that the speaker’s sorrow is a physical weight that must be carried. The grief is not only emotional but is also depicted as something tangible, almost burdensome in a physical sense.

3. “A little hymn turning the ground beneath my feet”: This image conveys a sense of reverence and spirituality, as if the very earth is participating in a ritual or prayer. The ground beneath the speaker’s feet symbolizes the foundation of their being, shaken or altered by the presence of this hymn.

4. “Cracked earth of years”: The imagery of cracked earth suggests a history of drought or hardship, symbolizing the speaker’s emotional and psychological scars. It reflects a barren, unyielding past that has left its mark on the speaker.

5. “Bland heads heaving in the loneliness of unknown winds”: This line paints a picture of desolate, lifeless figures—perhaps blades of grass or even people—tossed about by indifferent forces. The “unknown winds” symbolize the uncontrollable, unpredictable nature of life and fate.

Symbolism:

1. Grass as a Mirror: Mahapatra describes the grass as a mirror “marching away solemnly,” which symbolizes self-reflection and the inevitability of confronting one’s past. The grass mirrors the speaker’s journey through life, echoing the passage of time and the inescapable connection to ancestry and history.

2. “Ancestral smell of rot”: The smell of rot symbolizes decay and the remnants of the past that linger in the present. It suggests a connection to a decaying heritage or memories that haunt the speaker, reminding them of the secrets and burdens they carry.

3. “Scythe the grass”: The act of scything the grass symbolizes the cutting away of life, a metaphor for death or the end of something once vibrant. This action signifies the inevitable conclusion of cycles, whether they are natural or personal.

4. “Familiar tormentors” and “scabs of my dark dread”: These symbols represent internal struggles and fears that have become ingrained in the speaker’s psyche. The “familiar tormentors” could be the memories or experiences that have repeatedly caused pain, while the “scabs” symbolize wounds that have healed poorly, leaving behind a persistent fear.

Contribution to Themes:

The imagery and symbolism in “Grass” reinforce the themes of grief, the passage of time, and the inescapable connection to the past. Mahapatra uses the grass as both a literal and metaphorical landscape through which the speaker navigates their emotional and psychological journey. The grass symbolizes the continuity of life, despite the scars left by grief and loss. The recurring motif of decay, reflected in the imagery of “cracked earth” and “ancestral rot,” underscores the poem’s meditation on mortality and the inevitable decline that comes with the passage of time.

The poem’s symbols also highlight the tension between submission and resistance—the grass submits to the scythe, just as the speaker grapples with their own “dark dread.” In this way, Mahapatra captures the complex interplay between life’s enduring force and the shadows of the past that haunt it.

In summary, Mahapatra’s use of imagery and symbolism in “Grass” deepens the reader’s understanding of the themes of grief, memory, and time. The vivid images and potent symbols create a rich, layered exploration of the human experience, inviting reflection on the ways in which we carry our past and confront our inevitable future.